Since the moon requires about 29½ days to orbit the earth, each month on the Islamic calendar could be either 29 or 30 days long.Other Muslims propose that it would not be against Islamic beliefs to calculate the beginning of each new month in advance mathematically/astronomically.Most Muslims believe that the traditional methods should be maintained, that the crescent moon must literally be observed for a new month to begin after 29 days (or else a 30th day is added to the old month), because that is what the Qur'an commands and/or ancient Muslim traditions have always done.An issue hotly debated among Muslims today is whether the new moon must literally be observed with the naked eye, or whether one can use astronomical calculations to determine the beginning of each month, and thus the entire calendar, far in advance:.In contrast, the Gregorian/Western "months" are not tied to the moon's phases a new moon or full moon might fall on any day of the "month.".According to long-standing Islamic tradition, each month begins on the day when the first sliver of the new moon is first observed (looking West, just after sunset) thus, the full moon is always on the 14th or 15th day of each month. The Islamic year consists of 12 months, each of which can have either 29 or 30 days, with a total of either 354 or 355 days per year:.The Islamic calendar is strictly lunar, in contrast to the Gregorian/Western calendar (which is mainly solar), or the Hebrew calendar (a luni-solar hybrid).
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